A closed depression formation forming a closed loop and representing an area of lower ground of less than the vertical interval. Data Dictionary for depform_edge: http://apps.linz.govt.nz/topo-data-dictionary/index.aspx?page=class-depform_edge This layer is a component of the Ant50 map series. This is the topographic mapping carried out at 1:50,000 scale by LINZ within the Ross Dependency, Antarctica.

Bathymetric contour data set 50m - 12,000m around the New Zealand region.

Bathymetric contour data set 50m - 12,000m around the New Zealand region. Projection: Mercator 41 / EPSG:3994

A height above a vertical datum, represented on a map by a dot locator with the elevation printed beside the dot. Unlike trigonometrical stations, spot heights are not identifiable on the ground Data Dictionary for height_pnt: http://apps.linz.govt.nz/topo-data-dictionary/index.aspx?page=class-height_pnt Although captured and presented at 1:25,000 this layer, for all intents and purposes, forms part of the Topo50 map series. Further information on Topo50: http://www.linz.govt.nz/topography/topo-maps/topo50

An imaginary line that connects points of equal height value eg the elevation of the land surface above or below a vertical datum, in this case of LINZ topographic mapping, this is Mean Sea Level. Data Dictionary for contour: http://apps.linz.govt.nz/topo-data-dictionary/index.aspx?page=class-contour This layer is a component of the Topo50 map series. The Topo50 map series provides topographic mapping for the New Zealand mainland, Chatham and New Zealand's offshore Islands, at 1:50,000 scale. Further information on Topo50: http://www.linz.govt.nz/topography/topo-maps/topo50

An imaginary line that connects points of equal height value eg the elevation of the land surface above or below a vertical datum, in this case of LINZ topographic mapping, this is Mean Sea Level. Data Dictionary for contour: http://apps.linz.govt.nz/topo-data-dictionary/index.aspx?page=class-contour This layer is a component of the Ant50 map series. This is the topographic mapping carried out at 1:50,000 scale by LINZ within the Ross Dependency, Antarctica.

Bathymetric contour data set 50m - 12,000m around the New Zealand region.Published Chart: CANZ Group (2008), ‘New Zealand Region Bathymetry’,1:4,000,000 scale at 46°S on Mercator projection, NIWA Chart, Miscellaneous Series No. 85, National Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research, Wellington, New ZealandGeographic Coverage: In the edgematching of this sheet with GEBCO sheet G.08, the bathymetry was taken from sheet G.08 for the following areas:24°-31°S,157°-158.5°E; 47°-54°S,157°-165°E; 54°-57.5°S,157°-163.5°E The bathymetry was compiled by NIWA at a scale of 1:1 million using a series of 18 separate Ocean Plotting Sheets on which the soundings were plotted. Each author (as listed above) worked on the interpretation and contouring of 3-4 sheets each and gravity data were used to assist in the interpretation. The resulting contours (at intervals of 250m) were then digitized and used in the production of the 1:4 million scale chart. The bathymetry was compiled from data held at:National Institute of Water and Atmosphere (NIWA) Hydrographic Office of the Royal New Zealand NavyUS National Geophysical Data Centre South Pacific Applied Geoscience Commission (Fiji);from published scientific papers; and from recent swath bathymetric surveys funded by Institut Francais de Recherche pour l’Exploitation de la Mer (IFREMER), France, NIWA and Seabed Mapping New Zealand Ltd.The shallow water contours (50m, 100m, 150m and 200m) were compiled from a database made up of the digitized contours from the NIWA coastal (1:200,000)chart series.

An imaginary line that connects points of equal height value eg the elevation of the land surface above or below a vertical datum, in this case of LINZ topographic mapping, this is Mean Sea Level. Data Dictionary for contour: http://apps.linz.govt.nz/topo-data-dictionary/index.aspx?page=class-contour This layer is a component of the Topo50 map series. The Topo50 map series provides topographic mapping for New Zealand and it's offshore dependancies, at 1:50,000. Further information on Topo50: http://www.linz.govt.nz/topography/topo-maps/topo50

An imaginary line that connects points of equal height value eg the elevation of the land surface above or below a vertical datum, in this case of LINZ topographic mapping, this is Mean Sea Level. Data Dictionary for contour: http://apps.linz.govt.nz/topo-data-dictionary/index.aspx?page=class-contour Although captured and presented at 1:25,000 this layer, for all intents and purposes, forms part of the Topo50 map series. Further information on Topo50: http://www.linz.govt.nz/topography/topo-maps/topo50

Predicted seafloor topography of the New Zealand region: a nonlinear least-squares inversion of satellite altimetry data (2000) * Ramillien, G., * Wright, I.C. Abstract We use a nonlinear least squares inversion to derive predicted seafloor topography (hereinafter referred to as RW99) for the New Zealand region (146°E–165°W, 60°S–25°S), combining altimetry data from ERS-1 and Geosat Geodetic Missions, as well as available shipborne gravity and echo sounding data. Currently, the lithospheric component of the model is principally applicable to thinly sedimented oceanic basins; however, we have attempted, though with only partial success, to compensate for regional crustal variations. The upper part of the oceanic lithosphere has an elastic behavior related to a half-space cooling model and flexing under seafloor relief load. Using least squares theory, the topographic solution is derived as a linear combination of altimetry and in situ measurements with adjusted coefficients. These coefficients are iteratively fitted using nonlinear operators between bathymetry and altimetry-derived gravity anomalies assuming their error distributions are Gaussian. The theory enables sparse in situ data to be included in the inversion, such as depth soundings and marine gravity profiles. In comparison with the global model of Smith and Sandwell [1997] (hereinafter referred to as SS97), the RW99 predicted topography is constrained by over threefold more shipborne soundings data and the inclusion of shipborne gravity data. Three strategies are used to validate the RW99 model. Compared to the root-mean-square (rms) error of 310 m of the SS97 model, final residual differences for the RW99 model are within the range of 104–250 m. These rms errors are the result of uncertainties of model parameters, especially the elastic thickness and the relief density, but also the complexity of seafloor topography. In addition, the model inversion does not presently consider gravitational contributions of marine sediments of variable thickness.