These biological water column data are from CTD bottle collection from the Ross Sea Antarctica during IPY-CAML voyage on RV Tangaroa, during February-March 2008. Depths sampled ranged from 5 m to 3385 m. Bacterial, picophytoplankton, and phytoplankton numbers were estimated using flow cytometery, bacterial production using tritiated thymidine, and bacterial exo-enzyme activity using MUF and MCA fluorgenic substrates. Microzooplankton, flagellate, and phytoplankton diversity and numbers were determined using standard microscopic methods.